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Effective temperature scale useful for hypo- and hyperbaric environments

Y Nishi, A P Gagge

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new Standard Effective Temperature (SET) scale, based on human heat exchange principles, helps predict physiological and sensory responses. This scale is validated across various environmental pressures, from 0.33 to 30 ATA.

    Area of Science:

    • Human physiology
    • Environmental science
    • Thermodynamics

    Background:

    • Human heat exchange involves radiation, convection, evaporation, and conduction.
    • Clothing significantly impacts thermal comfort and physiological responses.
    • Existing scales like Effective Temperature (ET) are limited in scope.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a Standard Effective Temperature (SET) scale for human thermal comfort.
    • To relate sensory and physiological responses to environmental conditions.
    • To validate the SET scale across a wide range of barometric pressures.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized basic physics of heat exchange through clothing.
    • Defined SET based on an isothermal enclosure with specific humidity and air velocity.

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  • Employed a 2-node model of human temperature regulation and partitional calorimetry.
  • Assessed thermal equivalence using mean body temperature (Tb) across environments.

    • Main Results:

    • The SET scale effectively relates physiological and sensory responses to environmental factors.
    • Mean skin temperature (Tsk) and skin wettedness (w) are linked to thermal comfort and heat exchange.
    • The model demonstrates predictable interactions between SET and environmental/clothing factors.
    • The SET scale is applicable across barometric pressures from 0.33 to 30 ATA.

    Conclusions:

    • The Standard Effective Temperature (SET) scale provides a unified measure for human thermal responses.
    • SET is a valuable tool for assessing thermal comfort and physiological strain in diverse environments.
    • The findings are crucial for understanding human performance in hypo- and hyperbaric conditions.