[Cranioencephalic trauma]

It is an emergency which, in case of consciousness involvement, must be considered a severe condition; therefore, intensive control of the patient must be initiated at once, including a state of consciousness, respiration, temperature, pulse, signs of tissular perfsion, arterial blood pressure and in case of shock, central venous pressure hydroelectrolytic balance. At the general and neurological examination, nistagmus, ecchymoses of the eye bulbs, mydraisis and hemorrhages in the fundus of the eye must be investigated. Likewise, lesions or depressions of the skull, cefalhematoma; to achieve this, X-ray studies of skull are necessary. Detection of hemorrhages or spinal fluid through ears, nose or mouth. It is necessary to be on watch for endocranial hypertensive signs. Encephalograms and electroencephalograms if complications from hematoma or severe cerebral contusion are suspected. The prognosis depends on the deepness and duration of unconsciousness, on the range of the neurologic disturbance, and of added complications. Treatment including surgery, must be carried out adequately.