The challenges of teaching universal precautions to multicultural, diverse patients and their family members

Teaching universal precautions to culturally diverse groups, whether healthcare workers, patients, or family members, is a unique challenge. In the environment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, it involves honest and realistic appraisal of the modes of transmission and the risks involved. In addition, we must understand the fears involved, as well as the cultural perspectives that may alter the perception of the situation. This article will discuss the many cultural problems, briefly review what information needs to be included in any educational program, and focus on how we can realistically assess the risks involved and communicate those risks to healthcare workers, patients, and family members. When these risks are addressed honestly and without fear, implementation of and compliance with universal precautions will become easier, both in acute care and home care settings.