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Persistent measles infection in malnourished children
Abstract:
Thirty malnourished and 25 well-nourished children were studied six to 31 days after the onset of a measles rash. Evidence of the virus was found in 40% of the malnourished children but in none of the well-nourished controls. Giant cells were found in the nasal secretions of five out of 17 malnourished children and measles antigen was detected in the lymphocytes of eight out of 28. The malnourished children showed depressed cell-mediated immunity to measles and candida antigens and a low response to meningococcal vaccine. Fifteen died from intercurrent infections. Malnutrition was thought to have depressed the immune response in these children, resulting in a severe and prolonged attack of measles. This, in turn, led to further damage to the immune system and more severe malnutrition. Thus these children were made susceptible to intercurrent infection.
Insights
Malnourished children with measles showed suppressed immunity and higher viral presence. Malnutrition worsened measles severity and immune deficits, increasing susceptibility to fatal infections.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Measles infection can have severe consequences, particularly in malnourished populations.
- Immune system function is critical for managing viral infections like measles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of malnutrition on measles infection and immune response in children.
- To assess the relationship between malnutrition, measles severity, and susceptibility to secondary infections.
Main Methods:
- Studied malnourished and well-nourished children within 31 days of measles rash onset.
- Detected measles virus evidence, giant cells in nasal secretions, and measles antigen in lymphocytes.
- Assessed cell-mediated immunity to measles and candida antigens, and response to meningococcal vaccine.
Main Results:
- Measles virus evidence was found in 40% of malnourished children, but none of the well-nourished controls.
- Malnourished children exhibited depressed cell-mediated immunity and a low response to meningococcal vaccine.
- Fifteen malnourished children died from intercurrent infections, indicating increased susceptibility.
Conclusions:
- Malnutrition significantly depresses immune response, leading to severe measles and further immune damage.
- This creates a vicious cycle of malnutrition and immune deficiency, increasing susceptibility to life-threatening infections.
- Early identification and nutritional support are crucial for improving outcomes in malnourished children with measles.