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Television epilepsy and pattern sensitivity

S B Stefánsson, C E Darby, A J Wilkins

    British Medical Journal
    |July 9, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Television viewing can trigger seizures in some epileptic individuals. This study found that visual patterns, particularly vibrating ones, are strongly linked to television-induced epilepsy, suggesting raster patterns contribute to seizures.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Epileptology
    • Visual Perception

    Background:

    • Domestic television sets can induce seizures in epileptic patients, a phenomenon known as TV epilepsy.
    • Intermittent photic stimulation (stroboscopic light) is a known trigger for seizures in photosensitive epilepsy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of different visual stimuli on paroxysmal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in patients sensitive to intermittent photic stimulation.
    • To determine the relationship between sensitivity to visual patterns and sensitivity to television broadcasts in epileptic patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Monitored EEG activity in 32 photosensitive epileptic patients.
    • Assessed sensitivity to stationary and vibrated horizontal/vertical line patterns (pattern sensitivity).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed sensitivity to normal broadcasts on a black and white television receiver (TV sensitivity).

    • Main Results:

    • Twenty-three out of 32 patients showed pattern sensitivity, with 22 sensitive to vibrated patterns and 11 to static patterns.
    • All patients sensitive to patterns were also sensitive to TV.
    • No significant association was found between clinical history of TV epilepsy and laboratory evidence of pattern or TV sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • High incidence of pattern sensitivity in flicker-sensitive patients suggests a link to TV epilepsy.
    • The raster scan patterns or 'line-jitter' from black and white TV signals may contribute to the epileptogenic effect.
    • Further research into visual pattern triggers is warranted for understanding and managing TV-induced seizures.