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Controlled cross circulation in dogs: effects on donor hemodynamics
C A Kuntz1, S A Johnston, J Jacobson
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Insights
Controlled cross-circulation in dogs caused significant hemodynamic changes, resembling acute blood loss in donors. This highlights potential blood volume shifts and pump imbalances during the procedure.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Surgical Research
Background:
- Controlled cross-circulation (CCC) is a model for studying hemodynamic responses.
- Understanding donor physiology during CCC is crucial for interpreting experimental results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the hemodynamic and blood volume changes in donor dogs during and after controlled cross-circulation.
- To identify potential complications or physiological consequences of CCC in the donor animal.
Main Methods:
- CCC was performed in six pairs of dogs for 45 minutes.
- Extensive hemodynamic and blood parameters were monitored in donor dogs before, during, and after CCC.
- Key parameters included blood pressure, cardiac index, blood gas analysis, blood volume, and activated clotting time.
Main Results:
- Donor hemodynamics during CCC mimicked acute arteriovenous fistulas.
- Insidious blood volume shifts occurred despite roller pump use.
- Post-CCC, donors exhibited hemodynamics consistent with acute blood loss, including decreased mean arterial pressure and cardiac index, and increased systemic vascular resistance.
Conclusions:
- CCC can induce significant, potentially detrimental, hemodynamic alterations in donor animals.
- Pump imbalance and blood volume shifts are likely contributors to these changes.
- These findings are critical for the interpretation of CCC studies in cardiovascular research.
Abstract:
Controlled cross circulation (CCC) was performed in six pairs of dogs for 45 minutes with aortic cross clamping and cardioplegia. Data were collected in donor dogs at 10 minute intervals three times before, three times during, and three times after CCC and included arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), blood gas analysis, temperature, maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure dP/dt max/End diastolic volume (EDV), blood volume (BV), complete blood count (CBC) and activated clotting times (ACT). Pulse pressure (PP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), oxygen delivery (DO2), and left ventricular cardiac work (LVCW) were calculated. Arterial blood pressure, CVP, blood gas analysis, temperature, BV, CBC, and ACT were measured in recipient dogs. During CCC, donor hemodynamic changes resembled those observed in models of acute onset arteriovenous fistulas. Insidious BV shifts can occur despite the use of occlusive roller pumps. After CCC, donor hemodynamics resembled acute blood loss, characterized by decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP, PCWP, and CI, and increases in SVR and dP/dt max/EDV. These changes were probably caused by pump imbalance and BV shift to the recipient dog.