The superficial ulnar artery: development and surgical significance

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Human Anatomy
• Vascular Anatomy

Background:

• Anatomical variations in the upper limb vasculature are common.
• The ulnar artery typically arises from the brachial artery.
• Superficial ulnar arteries have been documented but are considered rare.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document and describe an unusual arterial anomaly in the human upper limb.
• To investigate the origin, course, and contribution to the palmar arch of a superficial ulnar artery.
• To discuss the developmental and clinical implications of this rare finding.

Main Methods:

• Dissection of 72 formalin-fixed human cadavers.
• Detailed examination of the upper limb arterial system.
• Documentation of any identified arterial anomalies.

Main Results:

• A rare case of bilateral superficial ulnar arteries originating from the second part of the axillary artery was identified in one subject.
• The anomalous arteries followed a superficial course in the arm and forearm, lying subcutaneously.
• These arteries played a dominant role in forming the superficial palmar arch and were of smaller caliber than the radial and common interosseous arteries.

Conclusions:

• The bilateral superficial ulnar artery arising from the axillary artery is a rare anatomical variation.
• This anomaly has significant implications for surgical procedures in the upper limb.
• Understanding such variations is crucial for accurate anatomical interpretation and safe surgical practice.