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Related Experiment Videos

Fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: the rainbow trout

G S Bailey1, D E Williams, J D Hendricks

  • 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA. baileyg@bcc.orst.edu

Environmental Health Perspectives
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Rainbow trout are valuable models for environmental carcinogenesis research due to their sensitivity, low cost, and well-defined pathology. These fish offer unique insights into carcinogen interactions and tumor development, complementing rodent studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental carcinogenesis research
  • Comparative oncology
  • Aquatic toxicology

Background:

  • Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) offer a non-mammalian model for environmental carcinogenesis research.
  • Strengths include low rearing costs, sensitive bioassays, diverse carcinogen sensitivity, and well-characterized tumor pathology.
  • Their unique biological characteristics provide mechanistic insights into cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the utility of rainbow trout as a model organism in environmental carcinogenesis research.
  • To detail the strengths and limitations of trout in studying carcinogen-host interactions.
  • To discuss the application of trout models in understanding tumor development and modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a large-scale carcinogen bioassay with up to 10,000 trout.

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  • Investigating quantitative relationships between carcinogen dose, anticarcinogen dose, DNA adducts, and tumor outcomes.
  • Analyzing carcinogen exposure routes, response, husbandry, and pathology in trout.

    • Main Results:

    • Trout exhibit sensitivity to various carcinogens, with principal neoplasms in liver, kidney, swim bladder, and stomach.
    • They possess complex but incompletely characterized metabolic enzyme systems (cytochromes P450, transferases).
    • Limited DNA repair capacity and high P450 bioactivation contribute to exceptional sensitivity to agents like aflatoxin B1.
    • Common oncogenic Ki-ras gene mutations are observed in most trout tumors, except nephroblastoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Rainbow trout serve as a valuable adjunct to rodent models in environmental carcinogenesis research.
    • Their unique biological attributes allow for novel approaches to studying cancer mechanisms.
    • Despite limitations in organ homology, fish models provide crucial insights into environmental cancer modulation.