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Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis

R W Bradsher1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
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Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis are serious fungal infections diagnosed by yeast visualization or culture. Itraconazole is the preferred treatment, with amphotericin B for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Mycology

Background:

  • Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis are endemic/epidemic dimorphic fungal infections.
  • They present a spectrum of illness, from subclinical to progressive disseminated disease.
  • Dimorphic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis, cause these distinct mycoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis.
  • To differentiate clinical presentations and risk factors for each disease.
  • To highlight current therapeutic recommendations for these fungal infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods, including microscopy and culture.

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  • Evaluation of treatment guidelines and drug efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnosis relies on yeast visualization in tissue or fungal culture.
    • Itraconazole is the primary treatment; amphotericin B is reserved for life-threatening infections.
    • Histoplasmosis can manifest as acute pulmonary, chronic pulmonary, or disseminated disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Blastomycosis presents with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, mimicking other conditions like pneumonia, cancer, or tuberculosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis through direct visualization or culture is crucial.
    • Antifungal therapy choice depends on disease severity.
    • Understanding the varied presentations and risk factors aids in timely management of these fungal diseases.