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U.S. Naval helicopter mishaps: cockpit egress problems

C O Barker1, A H Bellenkes

  • 1Naval Aerospace and Operational Medical Institute, NAS, Pensacola, FL, USA.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Pilot helicopter egress problems are common, with aircrew factors being the most frequent cause. Improving underwater egress training and cockpit design can minimize hazards.

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Area of Science:

  • Aviation Safety
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Naval Aviation Medicine

Background:

  • Post-crash helicopter egress presents significant challenges for pilots.
  • Understanding these egress problems is crucial for enhancing crew survivability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize cockpit egress problems in U.S. Navy/Marine Corp helicopter mishaps.
  • To prioritize preventive interventions for helicopter egress safety.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1980-1994 Class A helicopter mishap narratives from the Naval Safety Center.
  • Categorization of cockpit egress problems by problem type, helicopter model, crash environment, and time of day.

Main Results:

  • 289 egress problems were reported across 128 survivable mishaps.
  • Aircrew factors (61%) were the primary cause, followed by environmental (16%), helicopter (12%), and cockpit factors (11%).
  • Overwater crashes (64%) were most common, with most incidents occurring during daytime (67.5%).

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced underwater egress training is recommended.
  • Improvements in crashworthy systems (fuel, seats), cockpit exit design, restraints, and personal equipment are suggested.
  • Engineering validation is necessary for proposed interventions.

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