Bilateral vertebral artery lesion after dislocating cervical spine trauma. A case report

This case report illustrates the problems associated with diagnosis and management of vertebral artery injuries resulting from dislocating cervical spine trauma.

Treatment involved the principles of anterior stabilization of dislocating cervical spine fracture as well as the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic modalities appropriate for vertebral artery lesions.

Because vertebral artery injuries with cervical spine trauma are rarely symptomatic, they can easily be overlooked. Bilateral or dominant vertebral artery occlusion, however, may cause fatal ischemic damage to the brain stem and cerebellum.

Cervical spine dislocation was stabilized immediately after admission using internal fixation by ventral plate and corticocancellous bone graft. Immediate angiography was performed when brain stem neurologic dysfunction manifested 36 hours after surgery. The patient was treated with anticoagulation, osmotherapy, and controlled hypertension.

A fatal outcome resulted in this case of dominant left vertebral artery occlusion. Necropsy even revealed bilateral vertebral artery damage at the level of the osseous lesion.

The possibility of the complication of a vertebral artery lesion should be kept in mind when examining patients with cervical spine trauma, especially in patients with fracture-dislocation. Immediate identification by vertebral angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or thin-slice computed tomography scan is necessary for optimal management of this injury.