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Cardiorespiratory interactions during fixed-pace resistive breathing

A P Blaber1, R L Hughson

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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The arterial baroreflex

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a fluctuation in heart rate linked to breathing.
  • The arterial baroreflex regulates blood pressure by sensing changes in arterial pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the arterial baroreflex in the generation of RSA during normal and resistive breathing.
  • To determine how mechanical breathing effects influence stroke volume, arterial pressure, and heart rate variability.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy subjects breathed at a fixed frequency through varying inspiratory and expiratory resistances.
  • Left ventricular stroke volume was estimated using Doppler ultrasound (stroke distance).
  • Cross-spectral analysis was used to assess phase and magnitude relationships between lung volume, stroke volume, arterial pressure, and R-R interval.

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Main Results:

  • RSA magnitude increased with breathing resistance.
  • The transfer of information from stroke volume to arterial pressure increased with resistance.
  • The transfer of information from arterial pressure to R-R interval (baroreflex sensitivity) decreased with resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical breathing effects significantly influence RSA.
  • While RSA magnitude increases with resistance, the baroreflex contribution to RSA decreases.
  • A functional link exists between breathing mechanics and cardiovascular variability, partly mediated by the baroreflex.