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Related Experiment Videos

Second messenger signaling in olfactory transduction

D Restrepo1, J H Teeter, D Schild

  • 1Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA. restrepd@pobox.upenn.edu

Journal of Neurobiology
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Olfactory neurons use calcium ions as a third messenger to amplify odor signals. This process involves second messengers like cAMP and InsP3, ultimately influencing neuronal excitation or suppression for enhanced smell detection.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Sensory Physiology

Background:

  • Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) detect odorants via G-protein signaling cascades.
  • These cascades increase intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and/or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3).
  • These second messengers regulate ion channels in the cilia and olfactory knob.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) as a third messenger in olfactory transduction.
  • To understand how calcium influx amplifies olfactory signals.
  • To investigate the impact of calcium on ORN membrane potential and signal coding.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the molecular mechanisms of olfactory transduction.
  • It examines the role of second messengers (cAMP, InsP3) and their interaction with calcium.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of ion channel activity and generator potentials in ORNs.

    • Main Results:

    • Extracellular calcium influx leads to significant increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in ORNs.
    • [Ca2+]i acts as a third messenger, opening calcium-activated channels.
    • This calcium-mediated process amplifies the olfactory generator current, causing depolarization or hyperpolarization.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased intracellular calcium is crucial for amplifying olfactory signals.
    • The dual effect of calcium on ORN membrane potential (excitation/suppression) is key for odor quality coding.
    • This mechanism enhances the detection of low odor concentrations, especially in complex mixtures.