Structural changes of beta-lactoglobulin B induced by urea. Evidence of residual structure

Several spectroscopic methods have been used to study the structure of beta-lactoglobulin B at pH 2.1 in the presence of 8M urea. Fluorescence and polarization of fluorescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that the two tryptophanyl residues of the protein are exposed to the solvent in the denatured state. CD in the far-UV indicates that the amount of secondary structure in the denatured state is comparable to that found in the native state, whereas the CD spectrum in the near-UV shows that the tertiary structure is not completely disordered. The results of one-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy show that some local non-random structure is maintained in the denatured state, but most of the polypeptide chain has an extended non-globular conformation under the conditions of the present experiments. This conclusion is reinforced by the results of two-dimensional 1H NMR conducted on denatured samples of beta-lactoglobulin B. The study of states with intermediate levels of order will aid the understanding of how the native structure of beta-lactoglobulin B is organised during the refolding pathways.