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Maternal occupation and pregnancy outcome

D A Savitz1, A F Olshan, K Gallagher

  • 1Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Maternal employment impacts pregnancy outcomes. Textile and janitorial jobs increased risks for preterm delivery and stillbirth, while teaching and librarian roles showed protective effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on maternal employment's influence on late pregnancy outcomes.
  • Understanding occupational risks is crucial for maternal and infant health.
  • Previous studies have not comprehensively analyzed diverse job categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal employment in specific occupations and adverse late pregnancy outcomes.
  • To identify high-risk jobs and potentially protective occupations for pregnant individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, a probability sample of U.S. births and infant deaths.
  • Classified maternal occupations and analyzed their correlation with outcomes like preterm delivery, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age birth, stillbirth, and infant death.

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  • Employed logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios, controlling for potential confounders.

    • Main Results:

    • Textile workers exhibited increased odds (≥1.5) for all studied adverse outcomes compared to clerks.
    • Janitors showed significantly elevated odds (≥2.0) for preterm delivery and stillbirth.
    • Food service workers and electrical equipment operators also demonstrated sporadic elevated risks, while teachers and librarians appeared to have reduced risks.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain maternal occupations, such as textile work and janitorial services, are associated with significantly higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
    • Occupational factors should be considered in prenatal care and public health interventions to mitigate risks.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms behind these occupational disparities in maternal and infant health.