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Related Experiment Videos

Dry eye: pharmacological approaches, effects, and progress

J P Gilbard1

  • 1Cornea Research Unit, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.

The CLAO Journal : Official Publication of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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The tear film: pharmacological approaches and effects.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·1994
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A unique therapeutic artificial tear formulation.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·1994
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Changes in tear ion concentrations in dry-eye disorders.

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Human tear film electrolyte concentrations in health and dry-eye disease.

International ophthalmology clinics·1994

Newer pharmaceuticals target earlier stages of dry eye disease, addressing tear film instability and restoring ocular surface health. Emerging treatments aim to reverse key disease events for improved dry eye management.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dry eye disease is a progressive condition affecting the ocular surface.
  • Understanding the natural history of dry eye is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing pharmaceuticals for dry eye.
  • To discuss advancements in dry eye treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Examined pharmaceuticals based on their impact on dry eye disease progression.
  • Focused on physical and morphological changes in dry eye.

Main Results:

  • Dry eye progresses through four stages: reduced tear production/evaporation, decreased goblet cells, increased epithelial desquamation, and interface destabilization.
  • Demulcents were introduced in the 1970s for tear film instability.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Preservative-free solutions reduce corneal desquamation.
  • TheraTears (ATF) shows potential for restoring goblet cells.
  • 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) may stimulate tear production.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pharmaceuticals are increasingly designed to intervene earlier in dry eye pathogenesis.
    • A new era of dry eye treatment is emerging with agents that can reverse disease processes.