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Dyslipidaemias in white normotensive subjects and in white patients treated for essential hypertension
H M Mazzarolo Cruz1, J Cruz, D Mion Júnior
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.
Insights
Essential hypertension patients exhibit high dyslipidemia prevalence, similar to normotensives, but with distinct lipid profiles. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C are more common in hypertensive individuals, indicating significant cardiovascular risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Essential hypertension (HT) is a major cardiovascular risk factor.
- Dyslipidemias, characterized by abnormal serum lipid profiles, often coexist with HT.
- Understanding lipid profile differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals is crucial for risk stratification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare serum lipid profiles and dyslipidemia phenotypes between patients with essential hypertension and normotensive controls.
- To investigate the influence of gender, age, and obesity on dyslipidemia prevalence in both groups.
Main Methods:
- Serum lipid profiles (LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio) were analyzed in 143 hypertensive and 54 normotensive white patients.
- Dyslipidemia phenotypes (IIa, hypertriglyceridemic, isolated low HDL-C) were assessed.
- Statistical analyses were performed to compare groups and identify correlations with BMI, gender, and age.
Main Results:
- Both hypertensive and normotensive groups showed high dyslipidemia prevalence (64% vs 54%).
- Hypertensives had significantly higher TG and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios.
- Hypertriglyceridemic phenotypes and low HDL-C were more prevalent in hypertensives. Obesity was linked to more frequent IIa, IIb, and IV dyslipidemias in hypertensives.
- Gender and age influenced phenotype prevalence differently in hypertensive versus normotensive individuals.
Conclusions:
- Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in both essential hypertension and normotensive populations, with significant qualitative differences in lipid phenotypes.
- Hypertension is associated with adverse lipid profiles, including higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C, increasing cardiovascular risk.
- Obesity, gender, and age are important factors modulating dyslipidemia patterns in hypertensive patients.
Abstract:
Serum lipid profiles were evaluated in 143 white patients treated for essential hypertension (HT:31 men, 112 women, mean age 58.4 +/- 0.9 years) and in 54 normotensives (NT: 15 men, 39 women, 56.7 +/- 1.8 years). Mean values of LDL-C, HDL-C, TG and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in hypertensives and normotensives were respectively 4.19 +/- 0.08 vs 4.01 +/- 0.16 mmol/l; 1.14 +/- 0.03 vs 1.22 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, 1.80 +/- 0.10 vs 1.30 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, and 4.0 +/- 0.1 vs 3.5 +/- 0.2; TG and ratio values of both groups differed significantly. Normotensives and hypertensives showed the same prevalence of IIa dyslipidaemia phenotype (37%). Hypertriglyceridaemic phenotypes and associated low HDL-C were more frequent in hypertensives than in normotensives (respectively 20% vs 6% and 14% vs 7%). The IIa phenotype was more prevalent in normotensive women than in men (44% vs 20%). This gender difference was absent in hypertensives (men, 39% vs women, 37%). Isolated low HDL-C was more prevalent in men than in women: NT, 20% vs 8%; HT, 16% vs 4%. IIa prevalence was greater in the age group > 50 years than in the age group < or = 50 years: NT, 22% vs 44%; HT, 12% vs 46%. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemic dyslipidaemias was similar in both age groups, in hypertensives (18% vs 21%) and normotensives (6% vs 6%). IIa, IIb and IV dyslipidaemias were more frequent in obese hypertensives. Positive correlations between BMI vs LDL-C and TG values were found in normotensives. In conclusion, the prevalence of dyslipidaemias was similarly high in both NT and HT groups (54% vs 64%), with some qualitative differences concerning phenotypes.