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Current concepts on the transmission of bacteria and parasites by blood components
1Hospital Sirio-Libanês Blood Bank, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Several bacterial and parasite transfusion-transmitted diseases have been described in the medical literature. This review deals with the main bacterial (Syphilis, Lyme disease, Gram positive and Gram negative agents), parasite (Chagas disease, malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and babesiosis) and rickettsial diseases that are carried by blood products. Preventional aspects (e.g. storage, screening tests, use of leukocyte-depleted components), diagnosis, geographical distribution and the incidence of these transfusional hazards are also discussed.
Insights
This review covers bacterial, parasite, and rickettsial transfusion-transmitted diseases. It discusses prevention, diagnosis, and incidence of these blood product hazards.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
Background:
- Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) pose significant risks.
- Bacterial, parasitic, and rickettsial agents are known to transmit through blood products.
- Understanding these risks is crucial for blood safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major bacterial, parasitic, and rickettsial diseases transmitted via blood transfusion.
- To discuss preventative measures, diagnostic approaches, and epidemiological aspects of TTIs.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of transfusion-related infectious hazards.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of bacterial, parasitic, and rickettsial transfusion-transmitted diseases.
- Analysis of preventative strategies including component processing and screening.
- Discussion of diagnostic methods, geographical distribution, and incidence data.
Main Results:
- Identified key bacterial agents (Syphilis, Lyme disease, Gram-positive/negative bacteria).
- Detailed parasitic agents (Chagas disease, malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, babesiosis).
- Included rickettsial diseases as transfusion hazards.
Conclusions:
- Effective screening, component processing, and storage are vital for preventing TTIs.
- Accurate diagnosis and understanding geographical distribution aid in risk management.
- Continuous vigilance is necessary to ensure blood product safety from infectious agents.