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Common clinical manifestations of maternal diabetes in newborn infants: implications for the practicing pediatrician
B Rosenn1, M Miodovnik, R Tsang
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0541, USA.
Insights
Infants born to diabetic mothers experience fewer deaths but still face significant health risks. Improved glycemic control in mothers is key to reducing infant complications during and after pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal medicine
- Endocrinology
- Neonatology
Background:
- Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) historically faced high perinatal mortality.
- Recent advances have significantly reduced mortality rates for IDMs.
- Despite decreased mortality, IDMs remain susceptible to various complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the ongoing risks and morbidities in infants of diabetic mothers.
- To emphasize the link between maternal metabolic status and infant health outcomes.
- To advocate for enhanced awareness and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent trends in perinatal mortality for infants of diabetic mothers.
- Analysis of common complications in IDMs, both in utero and postnatally.
- Discussion of the role of maternal glycemic control in pregnancy outcomes.
Main Results:
- Perinatal mortality for IDMs has markedly decreased, nearing general population rates.
- Significant potential for increased morbidity persists in these infants.
- Maternal metabolic status is a key determinant of infant complications.
Conclusions:
- While perinatal mortality has improved, vigilance for infant morbidity is crucial.
- Optimizing maternal glycemic control is essential for mitigating risks.
- Increased awareness among patients and healthcare providers is vital for better outcomes.
Abstract:
Even though perinatal mortality of infants of diabetic mothers has decreased remarkably in recent years and now approaches that of the general population, these infants still face a multitude of potential complications and the propensity for increased morbidity, both in utero and postnatally. Many of these complications are clearly related to the metabolic status of the diabetic mother. Increasing awareness among insulin-dependent diabetic patients and health providers of the need for glycemic control and the ever-growing understanding of the peculiarities of diabetic pregnancies eventually should combine to provide the best possible outcome for these infants.