Fine needle aspiration for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of non Hodgkin lymphoma

The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of lymph node biopsies obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) for immunophenotyping of non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Seventeen superficial and deep lymph node samples were fractioned for conventional cytological examination and immunophenotyping studies. Out of ten NHL, nine were readily detected by flow cytometry (FC), while failure on the remaining case was due to selective loss of large cell population, which is liable to occur with this procedure. A single case, which proved negative for all markers employed, was finally diagnosed by immunohistochemistry as germ cell tumor. The other six cases, presenting lymphoid population without phenotypic abnormalities, were diagnosed by cytology and/or histology as Hodgkin disease or hyperplasic disorders. To conclude, FC immunophenotyping seems to improve the efficacy of FNA in NHL diagnosis, whereas for Hodgkin disease and hyperplasic disorders, classic morphological criteria are more useful for differential diagnosis. Although FNA for FC immunophenotyping cannot replace histopathological examination for NHL diagnosis, it proves to be a useful tool for staging and follow up, making surgical procedures for sample collection unnecessary.