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Published on: August 14, 2019
[Lupus nephritis in male adults, an analysis of the clinical and pathological features]
Insights
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare in men, but men with lupus nephritis (LN) experience higher incidence and more severe disease. Male patients with LN showed poorer prognosis, including increased relapse and mortality rates compared to females.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied clinical presentations.
- Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of SLE, affecting kidney function.
- SLE is notably less common in males than females, with distinct epidemiological and clinical patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the clinical and pathological features of lupus nephritis (LN) in male and female patients.
- To analyze the prognosis and outcomes of LN in a cohort of male patients.
- To identify differences in disease presentation and progression between sexes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 50 male patients with lupus nephritis (LN).
- Comparison with 50 age-matched female patients diagnosed with LN.
- Evaluation of clinical manifestations, pathological types, renal function, and long-term outcomes.
Main Results:
- Male patients were diagnosed at an older age, with a higher incidence of LN (P < 0.01).
- Types IV and V LN were more prevalent in males; Type II LN was absent.
- Males exhibited higher rates of significant proteinuria (>3.5g/24h), renal failure (P < 0.05), rashes, hepatomegaly, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
- Male patients had lower recovery/improvement rates and higher relapse/mortality rates.
Conclusions:
- Lupus nephritis in men presents differently and has a more severe course than in women.
- Males with LN face poorer prognoses, characterized by increased disease activity and adverse outcomes.
- Further research into sex-specific management strategies for LN is warranted.
Abstract:
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an uncommon disease in men. The clinical and pathological features and prognosis in 50 male patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and 50 age-matched female patients with LN were analysed. The age at which the disease began and the diagnosis was made was generally older in the male. The incidence of LN was higher in the male than in female (P < 0.01). The incidence of types IV and V LN was more common in the male than in female. Type II LN was not found in male patients. Proteinuria over 3.5g/24h and renal failure were more common in the male than in female (P < 0.05). The three most common clinical manifestations in male patients were irregular fever, skin rashes and painful joints. Rashes, hepatomegaly and neuropsychiatric dysfunction were more common in the male than in female. The patients were followed up one to twelve years. The rate of recovery and improvement was lower, but that of relapse and mortality higher in the male than in female.
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