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Clinical breast examination

W H Goodson1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0790, USA.

The Western Journal of Medicine
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical breast exams (CBE) rely on understanding normal breast variations and individual patient history. Deviations from expected findings during a CBE warrant further investigation beyond simply assessing for suspicious lumps.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical examination
  • Breast anatomy
  • Diagnostic criteria

Background:

  • Breast examinations require understanding normal variations.
  • Patient history significantly influences breast palpation findings.
  • Distinguishing normal variations from pathology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the principles of a comprehensive clinical breast examination (CBE).
  • To emphasize the importance of contextualizing findings within a patient's history.
  • To differentiate normal variations from potentially concerning findings.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of breast tissue characteristics.
  • Evaluation of breast symmetry and gland distribution.
  • Integration of patient life history and surgical background.

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Main Results:

  • Expected findings in a CBE are based on typical breast structure and anatomy.
  • Individual patient history provides essential context for interpreting examination results.
  • Discrepancies between findings and expectations necessitate further evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough CBE considers the wide range of normal breast variations.
  • The clinician's anticipation of findings is guided by established anatomical and historical factors.
  • Further diagnostic steps are indicated when CBE findings are inconsistent with expected norms or patient history.