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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
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Giardiasis: clinical and therapeutic aspects

S G Wright, A M Tomkins, D S Ridley

    Gut
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Giardiasis frequently causes malabsorption, but metronidazole effectively cures the infection and improves gut function. Mepacrine is less effective, and tetracycline shows no benefit for giardiasis treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Giardiasis, an intestinal infection, often leads to malabsorption and related symptoms.
    • Malabsorption in giardiasis can manifest as impaired nutrient absorption and steatorrhoea.
    • Histological abnormalities in the jejunum correlate with the severity of malabsorption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the impact of giardiasis on intestinal absorption.
    • To compare the efficacy of metronidazole, mepacrine, and tetracycline in treating giardiasis.
    • To evaluate the effect of anti-giardial treatment on intestinal absorption and morphology.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 40 symptomatic giardiasis patients, assessing D-xylose and vitamin B12 absorption, and steatorrhoea.

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  • Compared treatment outcomes for metronidazole (2g once daily for 3 days), mepacrine (100mg thrice daily for 10 days), and tetracycline.
  • Monitored parasitological cure rates, intestinal absorption, and jejunal histology post-treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Malabsorption was observed in 29 of 40 patients, with impaired D-xylose absorption (23), low vitamin B12 absorption (20), and steatorrhoea (15).
    • Metronidazole achieved a 91% parasitological cure rate, significantly higher than mepacrine's 63%.
    • Anti-giardial treatment improved absorption and jejunal morphology; tetracycline was ineffective and sometimes worsened histology.

    Conclusions:

    • Giardiasis commonly causes significant malabsorption, linked to histological damage.
    • Metronidazole is a highly effective treatment for giardiasis, leading to clinical and histological improvement.
    • Mepacrine is less effective, and tetracycline should be avoided for giardiasis due to lack of efficacy and potential harm.