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[Body fat distribution: anthropometric indicators]

M Yáñez1, C Albala

  • 1Unidad de Epidemiología Nutricional, Universidad de Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Obesity can be categorized by fat distribution patterns, with abdominal fat posing a higher cardiovascular risk. The waist-to-hip ratio is a key indicator for assessing visceral fat accumulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Anthropometry

Context:

  • Obesity is a complex metabolic condition characterized by excess body fat.
  • Fat distribution patterns significantly influence health risks.
  • Two primary patterns exist: abdominal (android/apple) and gluteo-femoral (gynecoid/pear).

Purpose:

  • To differentiate between abdominal and gluteo-femoral fat distribution in obese individuals.
  • To identify the anthropometric measurement most strongly correlated with visceral fat.
  • To establish the clinical significance of fat distribution patterns regarding cardiovascular disease risk.

Summary:

  • Obesity presents with two main fat distribution types: abdominal (apple shape) and gluteo-femoral (pear shape).
  • Abdominal fat accumulation is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the optimal anthropometric indicator for visceral fat, with cutoffs of 0.8 for women and 1.0 for men.

Impact:

  • Highlights the importance of assessing fat distribution, not just overall obesity.
  • Provides a simple, cost-effective tool (WHR) for risk stratification.
  • Informs clinical practice and public health strategies for managing obesity-related comorbidities.

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