Estimation of peroxidative damage. A critical review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Clinical Chemistry
• Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

• Lipid peroxidation is a key indicator of oxidative stress and cellular damage.
• Numerous analytical methods exist to quantify lipid peroxidation products and damage.
• Method selection depends on the specific research or clinical question.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare various methods for measuring lipid peroxidation.
• To highlight the utility of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay in routine practice.
• To discuss advanced and emerging techniques for enhanced specificity and diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

• Colorimetric and fluorimetric assays, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).
• High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for improved specificity of TBARS.
• Specialized assays for phospholipid hydroperoxides, cholesterylester hydroperoxides, and aldehydic products (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal).
• Gas chromatography for measuring exhaled pentane and ethane (non-invasive).
• Development of immunological assays (ELISA, RIA) for modified proteins and autoantibodies.

Main Results:

• TBARS assay is a common first choice in routine practice under standardized conditions.
• HPLC significantly enhances the specificity of TBARS assays.
• Advanced assays are available for specific lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants.
• Non-invasive breath analysis and immunological assays show promise for future diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• The choice of lipid peroxidation measurement method should align with investigative goals.
• Standardized TBARS assays are practical for initial screening.
• Sophisticated methods and emerging immunoassays are crucial for verification and hold diagnostic potential.