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Nitric oxide donors decrease the function and survival of human pancreatic islets

D L Eizirik1, C A Delaney, M H Green

  • 1Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden. decio.eizirik@medcellbiol.uu.se

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|April 19, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Nitric oxide (NO) can damage human pancreatic beta-cells, leading to reduced insulin release and DNA damage. This finding, observed in vitro, suggests NO may play a role in diabetes pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated as a potential mediator of beta-cell damage in human type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Previous hypotheses were based on in vitro studies using rodent pancreatic islets, necessitating investigation into human beta-cell responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on human pancreatic beta-cells in vitro.
  • To compare the sensitivity of human and rat islets to NO-induced damage.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated human and rat pancreatic islets were exposed to three different nitric oxide donors (SIN-1, GSNO, RBS) for 90 minutes.
  • Insulin release, islet DNA content, and cell viability were assessed 48 hours post-exposure.
  • DNA strand breaks were evaluated using the comet assay and ultrastructural analysis.

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Main Results:

  • Nitric oxide donors significantly reduced human islet retrieval, DNA content, and glucose-stimulated insulin release 48 hours after exposure.
  • Rat islets showed immediate functional inhibition and similar functional loss after 48 hours compared to human islets.
  • Exposure to nitric oxide donors induced significant DNA strand breaks in both human and rat islets, with more severe damage observed in rat islet cells.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide donors can induce damage and functional impairment in human pancreatic islets.
  • The observed DNA strand breaks suggest a mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated beta-cell toxicity.
  • Species differences exist in beta-cell sensitivity to NO, but human islets are demonstrably affected.