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Host serum proteins in Echinococcus multilocularis: complement activation via the classical pathway

A I Kassis, C E Tanner

    Immunology
    |July 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Host serum proteins bind to Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces. Complement-mediated lysis, crucial for parasite control, occurs via the classical pathway, requiring calcium ions.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Parasitology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasitic cestode causing cystic echinococcosis.
    • The parasite's survival in the host involves evading immune responses.
    • Host serum proteins and complement system activation are key factors in host defense against parasites.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the interaction of host serum proteins with Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of complement-mediated lysis of E. multilocularis protoscoleces.
    • To understand how the parasite survives in the host's immune environment.

    Main Methods:

    • Immunohistochemistry using HRPO-conjugated antisera to detect IgG and IgM.
    • Incubation of protoscoleces with human serum treated with EDTA or EGTA.

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  • Restoration of protoscolecidal activity by adding calcium.

    • Main Results:

    • Host IgG and IgM were detected on protoscolex surfaces and within cyst membranes.
    • Protoscoleces were not lysed in serum chelated with EDTA or EGTA.
    • Calcium addition restored the complement-mediated protoscolecidal activity in EGTA-treated serum.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement-mediated lysis of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces involves the classical pathway.
    • Calcium ions are essential for the classical complement pathway activation against this parasite.
    • These findings shed light on the parasite's survival mechanisms against host immunity.