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Varicella and pregnancy

P Dufour1, P de Bièvre, D Vinatier

  • 1Service of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Pr. J.C. Monnier, CHRU de Lille, France.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
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Maternal varicella infection during pregnancy poses a low risk of congenital varicella syndrome before 20 weeks. However, pregnant individuals in their third trimester face a risk of pulmonary complications, necessitating appropriate medical treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Maternal varicella infection during pregnancy is uncommon due to high immunization rates (>90%).
  • Understanding fetal and maternal risks associated with varicella during gestation is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of embryo-fetal abnormalities from maternal varicella before 20 weeks of gestation.
  • To evaluate the risk of maternal complications, particularly pulmonary, from varicella in the third trimester.

Main Methods:

  • A review of 20 patient cases of maternal varicella during pregnancy (1987-1995).
  • Literature analysis to determine fetal and maternal complication risks.
  • Prenatal diagnosis utilizing amniocentesis with PCR and ultrasound supervision.

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Main Results:

  • No embryo-fetal abnormalities were observed in the 20-case series (17 before 20 weeks).
  • No maternal complications, including pulmonary issues, were noted in the series.
  • Literature indicates a 1.3% risk of congenital varicella syndrome before 20 weeks, with a moderate increase in premature delivery risk.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal varicella before 20 weeks presents a low risk of congenital varicella syndrome, allowing for patient reassurance.
  • Third-trimester maternal varicella carries a risk of pulmonary complications requiring prompt medical intervention.
  • Neonatal varicella, resulting from perinatal maternal infection, can lead to significant perinatal morbidity.