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Evolution of the genetic switch in temperate bacteriophage. I. Basic theory

J E Mittler1

  • 1Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|March 21, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophage (phage) lysogeny and induction strategies are shaped by environmental conditions. Moderate rates of these traits allow phages to compete effectively in both stable and changing habitats, hedging against ecological uncertainty.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Molecular mechanisms of bacteriophage lysogeny and induction are well-studied.
  • The selective ecological functions driving these mechanisms remain less understood.
  • Temperate bacteriophage exhibit distinct lysogenic and lytic life cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ecological basis for bacteriophage lysogeny and induction traits.
  • To model phage competition under varying environmental conditions.
  • To understand the evolutionary pressures shaping phage life cycle strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A resource-based mathematical model was developed for bacteriophage competition.
  • Simulations used chemostats to represent both equable (constant input) and variable (seasonal input) environments.

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  • Model parameters included phage lysogeny probability and spontaneous induction rates.

    • Main Results:

    • In equable environments, phages with low lysogeny and induction rates are favored.
    • In variable environments, phages with higher lysogeny and induction rates show higher fitness.
    • Phage invasion success depends on resident phage characteristics, allowing for coexistence of divergent strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacteriophage strategies for lysogeny and induction are adaptive to environmental stability.
    • Moderately low rates of induction and lysogeny allow phages to balance competition in constant and variable environments.
    • This modeling provides insights into the evolution of viral gene regulation and life history.