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Exercise and cancer: linkages with obesity?
1School of Physical and Health Education, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|April 1, 1996
Summary
Regular physical activity, including occupational and leisure pursuits, is linked to a reduced risk of developing various tumors, particularly colon cancer. This benefit may stem from improved digestion and reduced exposure to carcinogens.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Physical activity is increasingly recognized for its health benefits.
- Evidence suggests a correlation between physical activity and reduced cancer incidence.
- Understanding the mechanisms behind this protective effect is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing research on the protective effects of physical activity against various tumors.
- To explore potential biological mechanisms mediating cancer risk reduction.
- To assess the strength of evidence for different cancer types.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of well-controlled studies.
- Analysis of data considering occupational and leisure-time physical activity.
- Exploration of potential mechanisms like altered hormone levels and body fat reduction.
Main Results:
- Consistent evidence indicates that physical activity reduces overall cancer incidence.
- Strongest evidence shows protection against colonic tumors, independent of body mass index.
- Potential mechanisms include accelerated colonic transit, suppressed hormone secretion, and reduced body fat.
Conclusions:
- Physical activity offers a protective benefit against various cancers, most notably colon cancer.
- Mechanisms involve improved gastrointestinal transit, hormonal modulation, and body composition changes.
- Cancer risk reduction is a beneficial byproduct of an active lifestyle, even if not the primary health objective.