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Evaluation of cross-sensitization among dye-intermediate agents using a modified lymphocyte transformation test
1Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Archives of Toxicology
|January 1, 1996
Summary
This study found cross-sensitization between p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and related chemicals like p-aminophenol (pAP) and m-phenylenediamine (mPDA). A modified lymphocyte test effectively detected this cross-reactivity, useful for color developing agents.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
Background:
- p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and related compounds are common in hair dyes and other products.
- Assessing cross-sensitization is crucial for understanding allergic reactions to these chemicals.
- In vivo challenge tests can be confounded by pigmentation, necessitating alternative methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate cross-sensitization between pPDA and p-aminophenol (pAP) or m-phenylenediamine (mPDA).
- To determine the utility of a modified lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in detecting cross-sensitization among color developing agents.
Main Methods:
- Guinea pigs were sensitized with pPDA using a maximization test.
- Lymph node cells were cultured with pPDA, pAP, or mPDA, with or without epidermal cells (EC).
- Lymphocyte transformation was quantified using 3H-thymidine uptake.
Main Results:
- Lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs showed enhanced blastogenesis in response to pPDA, pAP, and mPDA.
- The response magnitude correlated with the concentration of the tested chemicals.
- pPDA elicited a stronger response than pAP, which was stronger than mPDA.
- Control animals showed no significant enhancement.
Conclusions:
- Cross-sensitization exists between pPDA, pAP, and mPDA.
- The modified LTT is a valuable predictive tool for detecting chemical cross-sensitization, particularly for color developing agents.
- This in vitro method overcomes limitations of in vivo testing, such as pigmentation interference.