Relationship between sex steroid hormone levels and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV infected men

The serum concentrations of the steroid, androgens and estrogens, in the HIV-positive male patients were studied. These men belonged to one of the three main behaviour groups: heterosexual (He), drug addicts (DA) and homosexual (Ho) at early stages (II and III) or at advanced stage of AIDS (IVC), classified according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The circulating concentrations of sex steroids were then analysed with reference to the risk factors, absolute CD4 cell count and the progression of HIV infection. Regardless of risk factors, the stage II and III HIV-infected patients had serum dehydro-epiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs) (+37%, p < 0.03), testosterone (T) (+24%, p < 0.006) and estrone (E1) (+170%, p < 0.0001) levels higher than those of controls. The patients IVC stage had low serum DHEAs (-48%, p < 0.0001) and elevated estradiol (E2) (+200%, p < 0.0001). According to risk factors, there were no significant differences in androgen and estrogen concentrations between the behaviour groups. There were significant positive correlations between the CD4 cell count and the serum concentrations of DHEAs (p < 0.0001), DHEA (p < 0.01) and E1 (p < 0.006). This suggests that there is a relationship between the circulating sex hormone levels, particularly DHEAs, and the progression of immune depression in HIV, whatever the risk factor. The observed association between DHEAs and the progression of HIV infection suggests that this androgen may play a role in the normal function of the immune system.