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Relations between problem orientation and optimism, pessimism, and trait affectivity: a construct validation study

E C Chang1, T J D'Zurilla

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights 41099, USA.

Behaviour Research and Therapy
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study validates the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) scales. Positive problem orientation predicts adaptive coping, while negative problem orientation predicts psychological distress, confirming their unique roles.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Social problem-solving is crucial for psychological well-being.
  • The Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) measures key aspects of problem-solving.
  • Understanding the construct validity of SPSI-R scales is essential for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the construct validity of the Positive and Negative Problem Orientation scales of the SPSI-R.
  • To examine the relationship between problem orientation, optimism, pessimism, and trait affectivity.
  • To determine if problem orientation scales offer incremental validity beyond optimism and affectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Correlational analysis was used to examine the relationships between SPSI-R scales and measures of optimism, pessimism, and affectivity.

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  • Regression analyses were conducted to assess incremental validity.
  • The study utilized data from participants assessed on the SPSI-R and other relevant psychological measures.

    • Main Results:

    • Positive problem orientation showed significant overlap with optimism and positive affectivity.
    • Negative problem orientation correlated strongly with pessimism and negative affectivity.
    • Both positive and negative problem orientation scales demonstrated incremental validity in predicting coping and distress, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • The Positive and Negative Problem Orientation scales of the SPSI-R are valid measures.
    • These scales capture unique variance not accounted for by optimism, pessimism, or affectivity.
    • Problem orientation is a significant predictor of adaptive problem-engagement coping and psychological distress.