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Dietary modifiers of carcinogenesis

L Kohlmeier1, N Simonsen, K Mottus

  • 1Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Dietary components, including fruits and vegetables, can act as antimutagens and tumor suppressors, potentially lowering cancer risk. Further research on specific food compounds and human exposure is crucial for cancer prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cancer Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dietary components possess diverse biological activities influencing carcinogenesis.
  • Naturally occurring food substances can act as dietary antimutagens (bioantimutagens or desmutagens) or tumor growth suppressors.
  • Desmutagens function via mechanisms like chemical inactivation, enzyme induction, scavenging, or antioxidant activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of dietary factors in various stages of carcinogenesis.
  • To discuss potential anticarcinogenic compounds found in foods.
  • To highlight the need for further research on dietary exposures and their impact on human cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of laboratory and epidemiological studies.
  • Discussion of specific dietary factors and their mechanisms of action.
  • Analysis of the multi-component nature of foods and synergistic effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified anticarcinogens include carotenoids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, metal-binding proteins, phytoestrogens, and conjugated linoleic acid.
  • Many dietary substances exhibit multiple mechanisms of action against cancer.
  • Epidemiological data suggest a correlation between high fruit and vegetable intake and reduced cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary components play significant roles in modulating carcinogenesis through various mechanisms.
  • Individual foods often contain multiple anticarcinogenic agents.
  • Enhanced measurement of dietary exposures and multidisciplinary research are essential to harness the cancer-preventive potential of foodborne substances.

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