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Related Experiment Videos

Dysautonomia in dogs: a retrospective study

R C Longshore1, D P O'Brien, G C Johnson

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia 65211, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Young dogs diagnosed with dysautonomia experienced severe urinary, alimentary, and ocular issues. Autonomic ganglia showed neuronal depletion, leading to fatal outcomes in all affected canines.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
  • Canine Pathology

Background:

  • Dysautonomia, a condition affecting the autonomic nervous system, can manifest in various clinical signs.
  • Previous studies have documented dysautonomia in dogs, but specific details in young, medium- to large-breed dogs require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and pathological outcomes of dysautonomia in young dogs.
  • To investigate the function of autonomic receptors through pharmacological testing in affected canines.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case review of 11 young dogs diagnosed with dysautonomia between 1988 and 1995.
  • Clinical sign assessment, including urinary, alimentary, and ocular systems.

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  • Pharmacological testing (pilocarpine, bethanechol, phenylephrine, epinephrine) to evaluate autonomic receptor function.
  • Histopathological examination of autonomic ganglia.

    • Main Results:

    • Common clinical signs included urinary dysfunction, mydriasis, absent pupillary light reflexes, dry mucous membranes, and decreased anal tone.
    • Pharmacological tests confirmed iris sphincter receptor function and, in some cases, cholinergic and adrenergic receptor function.
    • Histopathology revealed neuronal depletion and gliosis in multiple autonomic ganglia (pelvic, ciliary, celiac, cranial cervical, mesenteric).
    • All affected dogs either died or were euthanized due to the severity of autonomic dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • Dysautonomia in young dogs presents with significant autonomic dysfunction affecting multiple systems.
    • Neuronal depletion in autonomic ganglia is a key pathological finding.
    • The underlying cause of this autonomic failure in the studied canine population remains undetermined.