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Related Experiment Videos

Errors in short-term memory for speech: a developmental study

R Treiman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202. treiman@math.wayne.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Children as young as kindergarten age process spoken words by breaking them into onset and rime units, similar to adults. This phonological coding strategy is evident even in early childhood development.

Area of Science:

  • Phonological processing
  • Developmental psychology
  • Speech perception

Background:

  • Previous research indicated adults segment spoken nonsense syllables into onset and rime units during immediate recall.
  • Onset-rime recombination errors were more prevalent than other error types, suggesting smaller phonological units are used for memory encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate prior findings on adult phonological processing of spoken syllables.
  • To investigate whether these phonological coding patterns generalize to children across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Participants including kindergarteners, 3rd graders, 6th graders, and adults were presented with lists of spoken consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) nonsense syllables.
  • Immediate recall performance was analyzed for error types, specifically focusing on recombination errors.

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Main Results:

  • Onset-rime conjunction errors were the most frequent type of recombination error observed.
  • This pattern held true even for the youngest participants, the kindergarteners.
  • The findings align with previous studies on adult participants.

Conclusions:

  • Children, from a young age, utilize onset and rime units for coding spoken syllables.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that phonological units like onset and rime are fundamental to speech perception and memory across development.