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[Transfusion and hepatitis C]

A M Jullien1

  • 1Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, France.

Pathologie-Biologie
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C transfusion risk significantly decreased due to donor screening and testing. New hemovigilance systems help monitor and prevent residual transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis C infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C posed a major transfusion risk, causing over 90% of non-A, non-B hepatitis and infecting thousands of recipients annually in France.
  • Blood transfusion recipients, especially surgical and multitransfused patients, faced significant Hepatitis C exposure risks prior to the 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of improved donor screening and testing on reducing Hepatitis C transmission via blood transfusions.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of implemented measures and identify remaining risks in transfusion medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential introduction of surrogate markers (ALT, anti-core HBc) starting in 1988, followed by specific Hepatitis C virus antibody assays in 1990.
  • Implementation of blood donor selection criteria and risk factor identification (intravenous drug use, previous transfusion).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estimation of transmission risk reduction using first and second-generation testing, and mathematical calculation for residual risk.

    • Main Results:

    • Second-generation testing reduced Hepatitis C transmission risk by over 90%, from 1 in 1670 to 1 in 2000-6000 units transfused.
    • Residual risk of transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis C is estimated at 1 in 100,000 donations, primarily due to infections in regular donors.
    • The French hemovigilance system mandates notification of post-transfusion incidents to aid in residual case evaluation and prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Enhanced donor screening and testing have dramatically reduced Hepatitis C transfusion risk.
    • Ongoing vigilance and further research are needed to address residual risks, identify donor risk factors, and investigate potential roles of nosocomial infections and other viral agents.