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Vaccines against leishmaniasis

F Modabber1

  • 1UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
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Developing vaccines against leishmaniasis involves empirical

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Leishmania parasites are easily cultivated in cell-free media.
  • Killed Leishmania parasites have been used as diagnostic antigens (leishmanin).
  • This ease of cultivation has driven vaccine development efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and discuss the pros and cons of different vaccine development approaches for leishmaniasis.
  • To provide an overview of 'first-generation' (empirical) and 'second-generation' (rational) vaccine candidates.
  • To highlight the involvement of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR).

Main Methods:

  • Review of empirical and rational vaccine development strategies.
  • Discussion of vaccine approaches including killed parasites, recombinant molecules, and genetically engineered organisms.

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  • Assessment of vaccine candidates in clinical trials (Phase I-III) and preclinical stages.

    • Main Results:

    • First-generation vaccines (killed parasites) are in human clinical trials (Phase I-III), with results expected soon.
    • Second-generation vaccines (genetically engineered) are in preclinical development, with clinical trials anticipated in 3+ years.
    • The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) actively supports vaccine research and trials.

    Conclusions:

    • Two main strategies for leishmaniasis vaccine development are progressing at different rates.
    • First-generation vaccines are closer to potential deployment, while second-generation vaccines represent a more advanced, rational approach.
    • Continued research and clinical evaluation are crucial for advancing leishmaniasis vaccines.