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Vascular and glomerular changes in the ageing kidney

M S McLachlan, J C Guthrie, C K Anderson

    The Journal of Pathology
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human kidney glomeruli vary significantly in size and number between individuals. Glomerular size and number are negatively correlated in adults, and changes occur with aging, potentially impacting filtration area.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Human Anatomy
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Glomerular morphology is crucial for kidney function.
    • Variations in glomerular size, shape, and number can influence renal filtration capacity.
    • Understanding age-related changes in glomeruli is important for assessing kidney health in aging populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the variability of glomerular size, shape, and number in adult human kidneys.
    • To examine the relationship between glomerular dimensions and number.
    • To assess age-related changes in glomeruli and their potential association with vascular alterations.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of glomeruli from 44 human kidneys obtained post-mortem.
    • Post-mortem angiography to assess intrarenal vascular appearances.
    • Analysis of glomerular cross-sectional area, number, and shape.

    Main Results:

    • Significant variation in mean glomerular cross-sectional area (three-fold) and number (three-fold) was observed between different adult subjects.
    • A significant negative correlation was found between glomerular number and dimensions in adults.
    • Glomerular number was similar in immature and adult kidneys, but glomeruli were smaller in immature kidneys.
    • Glomerular numbers showed a tendency to decline with age and increased vascular changes, though the correlation was weak.
    • Hyalinized glomeruli increased with age in men, independent of vascular changes.
    • Glomerular lobulations tended to disappear in senescent kidneys, contributing to reduced filtration area.

    Conclusions:

    • Kidney glomeruli exhibit substantial inter-individual variability in size and number.
    • Age-related changes, including glomerular loss and altered shape, likely reduce the kidney's filtration surface area.
    • The involution of glomeruli in aging may occur independently of vascular changes.

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