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Issues in protection from galactic cosmic rays

J W Wilson¹, S A Thibeault, F A Cucinotta

¹NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA.

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

|November 1, 1995

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Astronaut radiation risk assessment requires understanding energy absorption fluctuations. Thin aluminum shields unexpectedly increase cell transformation rates, highlighting critical uncertainties in biological responses to space radiation.

Area of Science:

Space radiation physics and biology
Radiation protection for astronauts
Biological effects of ionizing radiation

Background:

Astronaut radiation exposure is a significant risk in space exploration.
Assessing this risk is complex due to energy absorption fluctuations and shielding effects.
Current methods for estimating astronaut risk are not fully established.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine radiation attenuation characteristics relevant to astronaut shielding.
To evaluate the biological response to varying linear energy transfer (LET) levels.
To identify uncertainties in predicting radiation effects for shield design.

Main Methods:

Utilized conventional linear energy transfer (LET)-dependent quality factors.

Keywords:

NASA Discipline Number 45-10 NASA Discipline Radiation Health NASA Program Radiation Health

Related Experiment Videos

Employed a track-structure repair model to analyze cell transformation and inactivation data.

Tested data from the C3H10 T1/2 mouse cell system with various ion beams.

Main Results:

Increasing aluminum shield thickness reduces dose equivalent, but thin shields elevate cell transformation rates.
Biological response to LET and track width significantly impacts protection factor evaluation.
Uncertainties in nuclear cross-sections and biological responses create a 2-3 fold uncertainty in transmitted LET spectra.

Conclusions:

Accurate estimation of astronaut radiation risk necessitates a deeper understanding of biological responses to radiation.
Shield design must account for non-linear biological effects, especially in high LET regions.
Further reduction of uncertainties in nuclear parameters and biological response is crucial for finalizing space mission shield designs.