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Related Concept Videos

Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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Flagella and Motility in Bacteria01:18

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Flagella are specialized, thread-like structures that extend from a bacteria's cell envelope. They play a crucial role in motility and chemotaxis. Their structural organization and functioning exemplify sophisticated biological engineering, enabling bacterial survival and adaptability in diverse environments.Structure of the FlagellumA bacterial flagellum consists of three key components: the filament, the hook, and basal body. The filament, a long, helical structure composed of repeating...
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Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Bacterial chemotaxis: a field in motion

A M Stock1, S L Mowbray

  • 1University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Structural biology is revealing the bacterial chemotaxis system. Determined structures of key proteins like receptors and kinases offer insights into bacterial cell signaling and movement.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial chemotaxis is a fundamental cellular process.
  • Understanding chemotaxis requires detailed knowledge of its molecular components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate diverse structural data for a comprehensive view of the bacterial chemotaxis system.
  • To elucidate the structural basis of bacterial signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography and other structural biology techniques were employed.
  • Determination of the three-dimensional structures of key chemotaxis proteins.

Main Results:

  • Structures of periplasmic receptors and a cytoplasmic response regulator were determined.

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  • Structures of domains from membrane receptors, modifying enzymes, and histidine kinases were elucidated.

    • Conclusions:

    • The determined structures provide a foundational understanding of bacterial chemotaxis.
    • These structural insights pave the way for future investigations into bacterial signaling pathways.