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Area variations in health behaviours

D Locker1, B Payne, J Ford

  • 1Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Area-based socioeconomic status measures, like median household income in an enumeration area, effectively predict health behaviors. These area-based indicators show significant associations with various health behaviors, even after controlling for individual household income.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
  • Health Disparities Research

Background:

  • Household income is a common socioeconomic status (SES) indicator in health inequality studies.
  • High item non-response rates for household income necessitate alternative SES measures.
  • Area-based or census-based SES measures are proposed as viable alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between area-based socioeconomic status and health behaviors.
  • To assess the utility of median household income at the enumeration area level.
  • To compare area-based SES indicators with individual household income in predicting health behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized median household income of the enumeration area as an area-based SES indicator.

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  • Collected data on a variety of oral and general health behaviors.
  • Controlled for confounding effects of age and sex.
  • Further controlled for individual household income to assess the independent contribution of area-based measures.

    • Main Results:

    • The area-based SES indicator was significantly associated with six out of ten health behaviors after controlling for age and sex.
    • Four of these associations remained statistically significant after controlling for individual household income.
    • This suggests area-based measures capture unique variance in health behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • Area-based socioeconomic status measures, such as median enumeration area income, are valuable tools in health research.
    • These measures can effectively identify variations in health behaviors influenced by social contexts.
    • Area-based SES indicators offer a promising approach to understanding health inequalities.