In vivo expression of mRNAs encoding hypoxia-inducible factor 1

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates genes whose products play key roles in maintaining O2 homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that HIF-1 mRNA, protein, and DNA-binding activity are induced when mammalian tissue culture cells are subjected to hypoxia. In this paper, we report our analysis of HIF-1 mRNA expression in vivo. We demonstrate expression of HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta (ARNT) mRNA in all human, rat, and mouse organs assayed and show for the first time that HIF-1 mRNA expression was induced in brain, kidney, and lung when rats or mice were exposed to reduced ambient O2 concentrations for 30 to 60 min. The ubiquitous in vivo expression of HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta (ARNT) mRNA is consistent with the proposed role of HIF-1 in coordinating adaptive transcriptional responses to hypoxia.