Sound orientation behavior in cats. I. Localization of broadband noise

Behavioral experiments measured the accuracy of the cat's voluntary head orientation responses to bursts of broadband noise at 104 locations in the frontal sound field. Cats were presented sound stimuli at randomly selected locations and received a food reward for releasing a lever when a light-emitting diode (LED) flashed at the same location. Head movements to the perceived location of the acoustic stimulus, and therefore expected location of the LED cue, were tracked by an electromagnetic sensor. Orientation responses to single sound bursts were directed to within 5 degrees of the azimuth and elevation of sounds within 15 degrees of the immediate frontal field and did not change for burst durations of 40, 100, and 200 ms. An increasing underestimation of target location was observed as the sound stimulus moved to more lateral azimuths and higher elevations. The "undershoot" phenomenon was reduced by allowing subjects to track paired stimulus bursts that repeated from the same location. These effects of sound location on the accuracy of orientation responses are predicted by the availability of mid-frequency spectral cues for sound localization.