Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion during human pregnancy

The effect of infused atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on sodium excretion (UNa), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was studied in 12 normotensive primigravidae at 32 wk gestation [late pregnancy (LP)] and again 4 mo postpartum [nonpregnant (NP)]. Three 20-min steady-state (renal) clearances of inulin and p-aminohippurate were used to measure GFR and ERPF, respectively, before and after infusion of ANP at 2 pmol.kg-1.min-1. Basal plasma ANP (pANP) was increased in LP compared with NP [7.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.4 pmol/l (P < 0.0001), respectively]. In LP, infusion of ANP increased pANP from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 21.8 +/- 1.4 pmol/l (P < 0.00001), which produced a natriuresis [UNa of 0.18 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.03 mmol/min (P = 0.03), respectively], with no change in GFR (153 +/- 13 vs. 142 +/- 8 ml/min, P = 0.16) but a significant reduction in ERPF (766 +/- 52 vs. 660 +/- 31 ml/min, P = 0.002). In NP, ANP infusion increased pANP from 3.3 +/- 0.4 to 27.7 +/- 2.5 pmol/l (P < 0.00001), which produced no significant natriuresis [UNa of 0.22 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.09 mmol/min (P = 0.15), respectively] and no change in GFR (87 +/- 3 vs. 89 +/- 3 ml/min), but again a reduction in ERPF (486 +/- 17 vs. 414 +/- 9 ml/min, P < 0.001).