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Circulation of poliovirus among risk groups in Ibadan, Nigeria
F D Adu1, S O Odemuyiwa, O Tomori
1Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Insights
Wild poliovirus type 1 was detected in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Nigeria. This finding highlights a potential infection risk for vaccinated children, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Poliovirus remains a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with ongoing vaccination efforts.
- Understanding poliovirus circulation in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations is crucial for disease eradication strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and type of poliovirus in fecal samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Ibadan, Nigeria.
- To identify the wild type poliovirus strains and assess potential transmission routes.
Main Methods:
- Faecal samples were collected from 114 fully vaccinated pre-school children and 32 unvaccinated infants.
- Samples were assayed for poliovirus using Hep-2 and RD cell cultures.
- Isolates were further characterized using Sabin and wild monoclonal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Main Results:
- Eight strains of poliovirus type 1 were isolated from 146 samples.
- Three isolates were from unvaccinated infants (under 40 days old), and five were from vaccinated children (9-60 months old).
- Seven of the eight isolates were confirmed as wild type poliovirus.
Conclusions:
- Wild poliovirus type 1 was detected in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Ibadan, Nigeria.
- The presence of wild poliovirus in vaccinated children indicates a potential source of infection and underscores the importance of continued surveillance.
- These findings have implications for global polio eradication efforts and vaccine efficacy assessments.
Abstract:
Faecal samples collected from 114 fully vaccinated pre-school children and 32 unvaccinated infants in Ibadan, Nigeria, were assayed for poliovirus in Hep-2 and RD cell cultures. 8 strains of poliovirus type 1 were isolated from 146 samples--3 from 32 unvaccinated children aged less than 40 d and 5 from 114 fully vaccinated children aged between 9 and 60 months. Studies using Sabin and wild monoclonal antibodies and the polymerase chain reaction confirmed 7 of the 8 isolates to be of the wild type, a possible source of infection among vaccinated children.