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Enterically transmitted hepatitis in Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological study

M Arif1

  • 1Department of Pathology (32), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) exposure rates were studied in Saudi Arabia. Rural Gizan showed higher exposure than urban Riyadh, highlighting sanitation

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), pose significant public health challenges.
  • Understanding exposure patterns is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies, particularly in diverse geographical and socioeconomic settings.
  • Saudi Arabia presents distinct environments, such as rural Gizan and urban Riyadh, offering opportunities to study viral exposure differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the seroprevalence rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in two distinct Saudi Arabian populations: rural Gizan and urban Riyadh.
  • To analyze age-specific exposure patterns for HAV and HEV in both study areas.
  • To evaluate the impact of sanitation on the transmission rates of these enterically transmitted viruses.

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Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional serological study investigating antibody prevalence for HAV and HEV.
  • Participants were recruited from two distinct regions in Saudi Arabia: Gizan (rural) and Riyadh (urban).
  • Age-specific seropositivity rates were determined for both viruses in each location.

Main Results:

  • In Riyadh, childhood seropositivity by age 12 was 24.7% for HAV and 1.2% for HEV, increasing significantly with age.
  • Gizan exhibited higher overall exposure rates: 76.3% for HAV and 14.9% for HEV, compared to 61.3% for HAV and 8.37% for HEV in Riyadh.
  • Exposure rates for both viruses were generally higher in rural Gizan than in urban Riyadh, with HEV rates nearly double in Gizan.

Conclusions:

  • Age-specific exposure patterns for HAV and HEV were observed in both rural and urban Saudi Arabia, with higher overall prevalence in the rural area.
  • The significantly higher rates of HEV exposure in Gizan compared to Riyadh underscore the critical role of sanitation in controlling HEV transmission.
  • Sanitation improvements are emphasized as a key public health intervention for reducing the burden of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses in developing regions.