Distinct mechanisms mediate SHC association with the activated and resting B cell antigen receptor

Ligation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex initiates tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor's transducer components, Ig-alpha and Ig-beta and tyrosine kinase-dependent accumulation of GTP-bound, activated p21ras. The mechanism of receptor coupling to p21ras activation and the roles of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta are unknown. The results reported here indicate that the resting, nonphosphorylated BCR associates with the Grb-2/Sos-linker SHC via the Ig-alpha immunoreceptor-based tyrosine activation motif (ITAM). Ig-alpha specificity of this interaction is determined by the sequence DCSM found in Ig-alpha, but not Ig-beta. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta ITAM allows recruitment of SHC, which now binds directly to both Ig-alpha and Ig-beta via a phosphotyrosine/SH2 interaction. In confirmation of recent studies by Saxton et al. (J. Immunol. 1994. 153: 623) receptor ligation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC and to the formation of a phospho-SHC/Grb2/Sos complex. In view of previous studies which demonstrated p21ras co-capping with ligated BCR, the data presented here suggest that Ig-alpha/beta- and SHC tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of the Grb2/Sos complex to the receptor can occur and may provide a mechanism by which the nucleotide exchange activity of Sos could mediate activation of BCR-localized p21ras.