Pharmacological aspects and therapeutic applications of lysozymes

The therapeutic effectiveness of lysozyme (large scale manufactured hen egg-white lysozyme) is actually based on its ability to control the growth of susceptible bacteria and to modulate host immunity against infections and depressions of immune responses. If the former is based on the first evidence of the biological activity of this enzyme, the second is a relatively recent acquisition of extreme importance for the possibilities offered in terms of the regulation of the functioning of the host's immune system. Antibotic activity and immune stimulating effects are also used together, as in the case of the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, including those originated by therapeutical treatments. Based on these biological properties, in addition to the wide range of therapeutic activities for which lysozyme was exploited in the past, at present the most promising data concern the prevention of bacterial cariogenesis and treatment of cancer patients to improve the effectiveness of anticancer drugs or to allow the host to recover from the immune suppression caused by anticancer treatments. However, lysozyme does not yet hold a clear place as an immune modulating agent, in spite of the fact that it has been shown to stimulate immunity with no difference between experimental animals and human beings. The hope is therefore that doctors will understand its potential and that they will take advantage of the existence of this simple and useful molecule.