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The influence of trauma on changes in neutrophil granulocyte function assessed by an analysis of granulocyte
H P Hofer1, G Egger, E M Kukovetz
1Universitätsklinik für Unfallchirugie, Graz, Osterreich.
Abstract:
We examined the effects of trauma on polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) migratory parameters and PMN elastase release, with the aim of tracing an acute inflammatory reaction from its very beginning to the phase of recovery. Fifteen patients who underwent monotrauma surgery, followed by uneventful healing, served as inflammation model. PMN activation was studied by measuring their readiness to migrate (TMI) and their penetration potency (DC) in a whole blood membrane filter device, in which a chemoattractant depot (FMLP) was integrated. Control chambers lacking FMLP provided parameters of the spontaneous migration. In healthy controls (n = 64), the numbers of invading PMNs decreased continuously from the outermost layer towards the interior of the filter device. FMLP did not influence the mobilization rate of PMNs immigrant from the blood into the filter, but those cells that did migrate penetrated deeper (P < 0.05). After trauma, the spontaneous and FMLP-stimulated DC was increased (P < 0.05). Trauma also tended to inhibit PMN migratory activity episodically; depression of the unspecific immune function (low TMI values) was found on the 3rd (P < 0.0001) and 12th (P < 0.01) postsurgical days. There was no correlation between the migratory parameters and the inflammation parameter, PMN elastase release. Preliminary results indicate that analyses of PMN migratory parameters by a whole blood membrane filter assay could provide a valuable adjunct in monitoring trauma-associated immunologic changes.
Insights
Trauma impacts polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) migration, initially increasing cell penetration but later inhibiting immune function. PMN migration assays may help monitor trauma-related immune changes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cellular Biology
- Trauma Research
Background:
- Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) are crucial in acute inflammation.
- Understanding PMN behavior post-trauma is vital for monitoring immune response.
- Existing methods may not fully capture dynamic inflammatory changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of trauma on PMN migratory parameters.
- To assess PMN elastase release as an inflammation marker.
- To evaluate a whole blood membrane filter assay for monitoring trauma-induced immunologic changes.
Main Methods:
- Studied 15 monotrauma patients and 64 healthy controls.
- Assessed PMN migration readiness (TMI) and penetration (DC) using a whole blood membrane filter assay.
- Measured PMN elastase release as an inflammatory marker.
Main Results:
- Trauma increased spontaneous and chemoattractant-stimulated PMN penetration (DC).
- PMN migratory activity was episodically inhibited on days 3 and 12 post-surgery (low TMI).
- No correlation was found between migratory parameters and PMN elastase release.
Conclusions:
- PMN migratory parameters, assessed via a whole blood assay, show promise in monitoring trauma-associated immune alterations.
- The assay could provide valuable insights into the early inflammatory response and recovery phases after trauma.
- PMN elastase release did not correlate with observed changes in PMN migration post-trauma.